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ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Hedysari Radix polysaccharide on the apoptosis of gastric sinus smooth muscle cells and explore the underlying mechanism via the insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1）/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/serine-threonine kinase （Akt） pathway in the rat model of diabetic gastroparesis （DGP）. MethodSixty-two Wistar male rats were randomized into a blank group （n=12） and a modelling group （n=50）. The rat model of DGP was established by small-dose multiple intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin combined with an irregular high-fat and high-sugar diet for 4 weeks. The modeled rats were randomized into model group， mosapride citrate （1.35 mg·kg-1）， and high-， medium-， and low-dose （200， 100， and 50 mg·kg-1， respectively） Hedysari Radix polysaccharide groups. The rats were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage， and those in the blank and model groups with equal volumes of pure water by gavage once a day for 8 consecutive weeks. The random blood glucose and body mass were measured every 2 weeks， and gastric emptying rate was calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes of smooth muscle in gastric antrum， and terminal deoxynucleoitidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling （TUNEL） was employed to detect the apoptosis of smooth muscle cells in the gastric antrum. The expression of IGF-1， phosphorylated （p）-PI3K， and p-Akt in the smooth muscle of gastric sinus tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of IGF-1， p-PI3K/PI3K， p-Akt/Akt， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， and Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax） in the smooth muscle of the gastric antrum. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed elevated random blood glucose at all time points （P<0.01）， decreased body mass and gastric emptying rate （P<0.01）， increased apoptotic index of smooth muscle cells in the gastric antrum （P<0.01）， down-regulated protein levels of IGF-1， p-PI3K/PI3K， p-Akt/Akt， and Bcl-2， and up-regulated protein level of Bax （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the 8 weeks of drug administration lowered the random blood glucose， increased the body mass and gastric emptying rate （P<0.05， P<0.01）， decreased the apoptotic index of smooth muscle cells in the gastric antrum （P<0.05， P<0.01）， up-regulated the protein levels of IGF-1， p-PI3K/PI3K， p-Akt/Akt， and Bcl-2， and down-regulated the protein level of Bax （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the mosapride citrate group，the administration of low-dose Hedysari Radix polysaccharide for 6 and 8 weeks lowered the random blood glucose and decreased the body mass （P<0.05， P<0.01），low and medium-dose Hedysari Radix polysaccharide decreased the gastric emptying rate and the apoptotic index of smooth muscle cells in the astragaloside low-dose group decreased （P<0.05）. The protein levels of IGF-1，p-PI3K/PI3K，p-Akt/Akt and Bcl-2（low dose）were down-regulated and the protein level of Bax was up-regulated by low doses of Hedysari Radix polysaccharide （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with high-dose Hedysari Radix polysaccharide， low-dose Hedysari Radix polysaccharide elevated random blood glucose and reduced body mass after 6 and 8 weeks of administration （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the low and medium doses decreased the gastric emptying rate， increased the apoptotic index of smooth muscle cells in the gastric antrum （P<0.05， P<0.01）， down-regulated the protein levels of IGF-1， p-PI3K/PI3K， p-Akt/Akt， and Bcl-2， and up-regulated the protein level of Bax （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the medium-dose group，the low-dose group of Hedysari Radix polysaccharide had lower body mass，lower gastric emptying rate in rats，higher apoptotic index of smooth muscle cells in gastric sinus tissue after 6 and 8 weeks of administration （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and lower protein expression of IGF-1，p-PI3K/PI3K，p-Akt/Akt. ConclusionHedysari Radix polysaccharide protects the smooth muscle cells in gastric antrum against apoptotic injury and promotes gastric motility by activating the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， as manifested by the up-regulated expression of IGF-1， p-PI3K， p-Akt， and Bcl-2 and down-regulated expression of Bax.
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Objective:To investigate the efficacy of Baxian Xiaoyaotang （BXT） in treating ankylosis of wind-cold-dampness obstruction syndrome after acute Achilles tendon rupture surgery and its effects on transforming growth factor-<italic>β</italic><sub>1</sub> （TGF-<italic>β</italic><sub>1</sub>）， insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1）， and epidermal growth factor （EGF）. Method:According to the visiting sequence， 66 patients with fresh closed Achilles tendon rupture were included and randomly divided into a treatment group （<italic>n</italic>=33） and a control group （<italic>n</italic>=33）. Patients in both groups underwent surgical repair， followed by immobilization in long-leg brace， which was then replaced by the boot brace in the fourth week， with the plantar-flexion angle adjusted correspondingly. Six weeks later， the brace was removed for accelerated functional rehabilitation training. On this basis， patients in the treatment group were further instructed to fumigate and wash the affected Achilles tendon with BXT， twice a day， for 45 d. The Leppilahti Achilles tendon performance scores and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society （AOFAS） ankle-hindfoot scores between the two groups were compared at the time of brace removal and the third， sixth， and twelfth months after surgery. The strength of triceps surae on the affected side was evaluated at the last follow-up visit. The serum TGF-<italic>β</italic><sub>1</sub>， IGF-1， and EGF levels were detected before and after treatment. The wind-cold-dampness obstruction syndrome scores， symptom scores， the changes in foot dorsiflexion angle， and the overall clinical efficacy were compared. Result:The changes in scores of patients receiving different treatment measures did not synchronize. After the removal of brace， the Leppilahti Achilles tendon performance score and AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score determined at three time points in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. At the last follow-up visit， the good-to-excellent rate of muscle strength in the treatment group was 93.94% （31/33）， higher than 72.73% （24/33） in the control group （χ<sup>2</sup>=0.031，<italic>P</italic><0.05）， implying that the strength of triceps surae in the treatment group was better recovered. After treatment， the serum TGF-<italic>β</italic><sub>1</sub>， IGF-1， and EGF levels in both groups were increased in contrast to those before treatment （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and these levels in the treatment group were all higher than those in the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The foot dorsiflexion angle and the wind-cold-dampness obstruction syndrome score in the treatment group were superior to those in the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The overall response rate of the treatment group was 90.91% （30/33）， higher than 75.76% （25/33） of the control group （<italic>χ</italic><sup>2</sup>=6.981， <italic>P</italic><0.05）. No adverse reactions occurred during the treatment. Conclusion:The external fumigation and washing with BXT alleviates both the clinical symptoms and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome， improves the joint function score， triceps surae strength， and other indicators， elevates the serum TGF-<italic>β</italic><sub>1</sub>， IGF-1， and EGF levels， and enhances the strength and toughness of Achilles tendon of patients with ankylosis due to wind-cold-dampness obstruction after the acute Achilles tendon rupture surgery. Its clinical efficacy is better than that of functional rehabilitation training.
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Objective • To investigate the effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on phagocytosis and production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the murine alveolar epithelial cell line MLE-12. Methods • After treatment with IGF-1 for 48 h, MLE-12 cells were incubated with fluorescent microspheres for 2 h in the presence or absence of wortmannin (phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor). Flow cytometry was then used to assess cell phagocytosis of fluorescent microspheres. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the content of IL-10 in MLE-12 cells culture supernatant stimulated by IGF-1 for 24 h. After pretreatment with IGF-1 for 2 h, MLE-12 cells were stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) for 24 h, and the expression of phosphorylated signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) in cytoplasm was detected by Western blotting.Results • With the increase of IGF-1 stimulation concentration, the ability of MLE-12 cells to phagocytose fluorescent microspheres increased, and the ability to phagocytose fluorescent microspheres reached the peak in the presence of IGF-1 at 50 ng/mL. However, the ability of IGF-1 to phagocytose fluorescent microspheres was completely blocked by wortmannin in MLE-12 cells. IGF-1 promoted IL-10 secretion and inhibited LPS-induced enhancement of STAT3 activation in MLE-12 cells. Conclusion • IGF-1 promotes phagocytosis of MLE-12 cells via the PI3K/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Zhongliao" (BL 33) and "Tianshu" (ST 25) on ovarian function in rats with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 48 SD female rats with regular estrus were divided into a blank group (=8), a model group (=10), an EA group (=10), a binding group (=10) and a tamoxifen (TAM) group (=10). The rats in the model group, EA group, binding group and TAM group were all treated with intraperitoneal injection of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD, 160 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days to establish the model of POI; the rats in the blank group were treated with normal diet. After the model was established successfully, the rats in the EA group were treated with EA at "Zhongliao" (BL 33) and "Tianshu" (ST 25) with continuous wave (1 to 3 Hz, 0.1 to 1 mA) for 20 minutes, once a day (five times a week) for the first two weeks and once every other day (three times a week) for the following two weeks. The rats in the TAM group were treated with subcutaneous injection of tamoxifen (1mg/kg), once a day (five times a week) for the first two weeks and once every other day (three times a week) for the following two weeks. The rats in the binding group were bound by a small sack as the EA group. The rats in the blank group and the model group were treated with normal diet. After four weeks, the sexual gland weight and index were tested in each group; the ELISA method was applied to test the level of anti-mllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B; the morphology of ovary was observed; the number of primordial follicles, primary follicle, antral follicle and atretic follicle was counted; the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Compared with the blank group, the ovary weight, ovary index, uterus weight and uterus index were significantly decreased after treatment in the model group, EA group, binding group and TAM group (all <0.01); but the differences between the model group and the EA group, binding group, TAM group were not significant (all >0.05). (2) Compared with the blank group, the levels of serum AMH, inhibin B and E were significantly reduced; the levels of FSH and LH were significantly increased in the model group; EA group, binding group and TAM group (all <0.01). Compared with the model group, the levels of serum AMH, inhibin B and E were significantly increased, the level of FSH and LH were significantly reduced in the EA group and TAM group (all <0.01). (3) Compared with the blank group, in the model group, EA group, binding group and TAM group the ovary was dark red and pale, surrounded by particle or not; the morphology was small and atrophic; the primordial follicles was reduced even vanished; the structure of primary follicle was damaged and loosely arranged; the mature follicle was few; the atretic follicle and interstitial gland were increased. (4) Compared with the blank group, the expressions of IGF-1 mRNA and IGF-1R mRNA were increased in the model group (all <0.01); compared with the blank group, the expression of IGF-1 mRNA was increased in the binding group (<0.05), but that of IGF-1R mRNA was not significantly different (>0.05); compared with the model group, the expression of IGF-1 mRNA was not significantly different in the EA group, binding group and TAM group (all >0.05), but that of IGF-1R mRNA was reduced (<0.05, <0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EA at "Zhongliao" (BL 33) and "Tianshu" (ST 25) has improvement effect on ovarian function in rats with VCD-induced POI, which is likely to be related to regulating the IGF-1R mRNA expression to improve the IGF-1/ IGF-1R axis.</p>
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Animals , Female , Rats , Acupuncture Points , Electroacupuncture , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I , Metabolism , Primary Ovarian Insufficiency , Therapeutics , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptor, IGF Type 1 , Metabolism , Tamoxifen , PharmacologyABSTRACT
Objective·To explore the mechanism of Danshen injection on promoting spinal cord functional recovery by observing the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods·Thirty SD rats were divided randomly into normal control group, model group and treatment group (n=10). The rats in model group and treatment group were subjected to weight-drop SCI according to the Allens' method, and administered normal saline and Danshen injection, at the dosage of 1 mL/kg once a day , by intraperitoneal injection respectively for 14 days. The combine behavioral score (CBS) of rats in all groups was detected on 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after SCI, the expression of BDNF and IGF-1 in all groups was detected with immunohistochemical method and Western blotting. Results·Compared with the normal control group, the CBS in model group and treatment group was elevated after SCI, and declined gradually with the lapse of injury time in different rates. Until 14 days after SCI, compared with the model group, the CBS in treatment group was lower (P=0.000), and the expression levels of BDNF and IGF-1 (including immunohistochemistry positive cell number and relative content) in treatment group were both elevated significantly (all P<0.05). Conclusion·Danshen injection can promote the recovery of nerve function by elevating the expression of BDNF and IGF-1 after SCI.
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Objective: To explore the mechanism of Danshen injection on promoting spinal cord functional recovery by observing the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: Thirty SD rats were divided randomly into normal control group, model group and treatment group (n=10). The rats in model group and treatment group were subjected to weight-drop SCI according to the Allens' method, and administered normal saline and Danshen injection, at the dosage of 1 mL/kg once a day, by intraperitoneal injection respectively for 14 days. The combine behavioral score (CBS) of rats in all groups was detected on 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after SCI, the expression of BDNF and IGF-1 in all groups was detected with immunohistochemical method and Western blotting. Results: Compared with the normal control group, the CBS in model group and treatment group was elevated after SCI, and declined gradually with the lapse of injury time in different rates. Until 14 days after SCI, compared with the model group, the CBS in treatment group was lower (P=0.000), and the expression levels of BDNF and IGF-1 (including immunohistochemistry positive cell number and relative content) in treatment group were both elevated significantly (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Danshen injection can promote the recovery of nerve function by elevating the expression of BDNF and IGF-1 after SCI.
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Aim To explore the effect of shikonin on stemness maintance of glioma stem cells ( GSCs ). Methods After the U87-MG cells were cultured and isolated, the sphere cells were identified by immuno-fluorescent staining. The alteration of stemness of GSCs by shikonin treatment(2 μmol·L - 1 ) for 12 h, 24 h and 48 h was valued by morphological detection using optical microscope and sub-sphere forming assay. Mo-reover, the related markers of stem cells, such as CD133, were detected in shikonin treated GSCs by western blot assay. Protein expression of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt and p-Akt was detected by western blot af-ter shikonin treatment alone. Furthermore, by combi-nation with insulin-like growth factor-1 ( IGF-1), we observed the alteration of stemness maintance of shiko-nin-treated GSCs. Results The presence of neural stem cell related markers CD133 and nestin proved the characteristics of GSCs. Shikonin treatment significant-ly inhibited the morphology of GSCs and the sub-sphere forming. Besides, the reduced expression of CD133 was detected in shikonin treated GSCs. Though, the expression of PI3K and Akt did not change compared with the control group, the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt was reduced. Furthermore, the combination of IGF-1 markedly attenuated the inhibitory effect of shikonin on stemness maintance of GSCs. Conclusion The stemness maintance of GSCs can be significantly inhibited by shikonin treatment, in which PI3K/ Akt pathway is involved.
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Aim: To present a case of acromegaly with coexisting thyrotoxicosis and to emphasize the relevance of screening the screening the thyroid before initiating treatment for thyrotoxicosis. Presentation of the Case: A 55-year-old lady presented with palpitations, and weight loss of two months’ duration. She also noted her fingers and toes had swollen up, inability to incise properly since two years. Upon examination, she had morphological features clinically diagnostic of acromegaly. Her thyroid was enlarged was on investigation found to have biochemical evidence of thyrotoxicosis. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid yielded colloid goiter. Insulin like growth factor-1 was elevated. Serum growth hormone after an oral glucose tolerance test was elevated. Magnetic resonant imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed a hypo enhancing focal lesion of size 11X10X12 mm at the pituitary region with delayed contrast enhancement suggestive of pituitary adenoma. Patient was started on anti-thyroid medications and referred to higher centre, and is awaiting surgery for pituitary adenoma. Discussion: Among patients with acromegaly the incidence of thyroid diseases is around 78% and it has the most common presentation being nodular thyroid disease as the initial presentation. It is uncommon to see patients presenting with symptoms of thyrotoxicosis initially, who had florid morphological features of acromegaly. The prevalence of toxic nodular goiter to the tune of 14.3% in acromegaly. Goiters seen in acromegaly were euthyroid or autonomous, are due to the elevated growth hormone levels independent of TSH action. In about 13 to 17%, thyroidectomies were performed before acromegaly was diagnosed. When patients with acromegaly presents with a weight loss should arouse the possibilities of thyroid cancer or hyperthyroidism. Conclusion: Screening the thyroid is important, as inadvertent thyroidectomies were performed before acromegaly was diagnosed. When acromegaly co-exists with thyroid dysfunction, the burden of cardiovascular abnormality should be addressed especially, to reduce the morbidity and mortality rate.
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OBJECTIVE: To construct a novel fusion protein contained insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and lidamycin (LDM) and evaluate its antitumor activity on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: DNA fragment coding for fusion protein (ldp-igf) was synthesized by linking apoprotein of lidamycin (ldp) with igf-1, and then was cloned into the plasmid pET30a. Fusion protein LDP-IGF was expressed in E.coli as inclusion bodies and was purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography. Binding affinity of LDP-IGF to NSCLC cells was evaluated by immunofluorescence assay and flow cytometry-based binding assay. MTT assay was used to measure the in vitrocytotoxicity of LDP-IGF and its enediyne-energized analogue LDP-IGF-AE. PI staining assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining assay were used to analyze the cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis after treatment with LDP-IGF-AE, respectively. RESULTS: Active soluble LDP-IGF protein was prepared by isolation, purification, denaturation and refolding, and the production of LDP-IGF was 12 mg per liter fermentation broth. Both of immunofluorescence assay and flow cytometry-based binding assay showed that LDP-IGF has strong binding activity to NSCLC cells. Enediyne-energized fusion protein LDP-IGF-AE exhibited potent cytotoxicity to NSCLC cells in vitro, and it is more potent than that of LDM. Furthermore, fusion protein LDP-IGF without active enediyne was also cytotoxic to A549 cells at high concentrations (50 and 100 μg·mL-1). LDP-IGF-AE could cause significant G2-M arrest in A549 and H460 cells, and it also induced the apoptosis in NSCLC cells in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Fusion protein LDP-IGF-AE shows potent antitumor efficacy in vitro on NSCLC, suggesting it could be a promising candidate for targeted therapy.
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Objective To observe the expression of the IGF-1 on the auditory cortex as well as the hippo-campus of rats which underwent longterm exposure to white noise to explore its effects for the repairment of the noise induced damage in the central nervous system.Methods 16 healthy Wistar rats were randomly grouped as chronic noise exposure group(group A)which underwent the longterm noise exposure(100 dB SPL white noise,4 hours per day for 28 days)and control group(group B).The expression of IGF-1 both on the auditory cortex and hippocampus was measured and the ABR waveforms were recorded.ResuIts Compared with the group A,the num-ber of IGF-1 positive neurons as well as the expression of IGF-1 both in the auditory cortex and the hippocampus of the group B increased(P<0.05),the ABR threshold was significantly higher(P<0.05 )after long-term noise exposure.ConcIusion Chronic noise exposure induced the changes of the IGF-1 system which may play a part in the protection for the noise-induced damage of the central nervous system.
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A 10-year-old castrated male Korean shorthair cat weighing 4 kg was referred with signs of insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus based on clinical signs of polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Diagnosis of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) was made based on results of an adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test and a dexamethasone screening test. In addition, plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) increased. Radiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography (CT) revealed hepatomegaly, renomegaly, and adrenomegaly affecting both adrenal glands as well as multiple cysts in a generally enlarged pancreas. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that the cat's pituitary gland was enlarged. The pituitary gland had a predominantly unilateral extension to the left. The signal intensity of the pituitary gland on precontrast T1 weighted images was hypointense compared to that of soft tissue and hyperintense compared to that of cerebrospinal fluid. On T2 weighted images, the pituitary gland was predominantly hypointense with a hyperintense rim. Contrast enhancement of the pituitary gland was not evident, and a mild degree of ring-like enhancement was seen. In addition, mild peritumoral edema was present. This is the first report of a cat with suspected double adenoma of the pituitary gland on the basis of compatible clinical signs, increased serum IGF-1 concentration, PDH, CT images, and MRI findings in diabetic cats with insulin resistance.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Child , Humans , Male , Acromegaly , Adenoma , Adrenal Glands , Adrenocortical Hyperfunction , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone , Cerebrospinal Fluid , Dexamethasone , Diabetes Mellitus , Diagnosis , Edema , Hepatomegaly , Insulin Resistance , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Mass Screening , Pancreas , Pituitary Gland , Plasma , Polydipsia , Polyuria , Radiography , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Objective To examine the neuroprotective effect of pulsed magnetic field in a animal focal cere-bral ischemica-reperfusion injury model. Methods Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into 3 groups, a sham-operation group, a model group and a pulsed magnetic field group, with rats 16 in each group. Mid-dle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method was employed to establish the focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion inju-ry model in rats of model group and pulsed magnetic field group. Rats in sham-operation group was subject to the same operation procedure but not underwent ischemia-reperfusion. The infarction volume, histopathological damage and expressions of IGF-1 in ischemic brain tissue were investigated to evaluate the effect of pulsed magnetic field. Results The infarction volume was reduced, histopathological damage alleviated and expressions of IGF-1 in ische-mic brain tissue elevated in the pulsed magnetic field group as compared against the model group (P<0.05). Con-clusions Pulsed magnetic field might provide neuro-protection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Objective:Searching after the regularity of the expressions the insulin-like growth factors(IGF-1) inside the neonatal rabbits with chronic intrauterine anoxemia give to brain Tissues and serums. Methods: Choosing 24 Zelanian rabbits that have been in afternoon pregnancy,we divide them into three stochastic contratest group by chance: the control group,the anoxic group and the group interfered with Chinese traditional medicine. Then we contrast the expressions and changes of these groups with IGF-1 in brain tissues and in serums. Results: Contrasting IGF-1 in brain tissues,checked up with ?2. In three different groups,we have found that the differences of their expressions have some statistical significance (P
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Aim: To investigate the effects of insulin like growth factor1 (IGF-1) on apoptosis of cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) induced by diphenylhydantoin (DPH) and its possible relationship with PI3K/Akt. Methods: Rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs), primarily cultured for 8 days, were co-incubated with 100 μmol·L-1 DPH and 1 μmol·L-1 IGF-1 for 48 h and then submitted to apoptotic analysis. CGNs, pretreated with 100 μmol·L-1 DPH and 1 μmol·L-1 IGF-1 for 48 h, were incubated with LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K for 30 minutes, and then performed cell viability assays to explore the relationship of IGF-1 with PI3K/Akt pathway. Western blotting was employed to further study whether Akt was involved in the apoptotic effect of DPH and the protection of IGF-1. Results 1 μmol·L-1 IGF-1 demonstrated significant protective effects on apoptosis of CGNs treated with DPH, which could be abolished by LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K/Akt pathway. IGF-1 also upregulated the activity of Akt in CGNs, which was markedly decreased by DPH. Conclusions: IGF-1 blocked the DPH-induced apoptosis of CGNs possibly through a PI3K/Akt dependent pathway.
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OBJECTIVE: Lung cancer arises after a series of morphological changes, which take several years to progress from normal epithelium to invasive cancer. Multiple molecular changes and growth factors factor production have been documented in lung cancers, both small cell and non-small cell types. Insulin-like growth factors(IGFs) are important mitogenic and anabolic peptides, both in vivo and in vitro, and are thought to be significant autocrine-paracrine factors involved in normal and malignant cell proliferation. In this study, we have investigated (delete) the degree of expression of IGF-1 on the immunohistochemical staining in human non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) cells and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells were investigated. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining for IGF-1 was performed in 15 cases of small cell carcinoma, 15 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 15 cases of adenocarcinoma, and 12 cases of bronchoalveolar carcinoma. RESULTS: The NSCLC cells showed significantly increased expression The expression of IGF-1 on the immunohistochemical staining significantly increased in NSCLC cells than in SCLC cells. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that IGF-1 are expressed the expression of IGF-1 in human lung cancer cells(.), and the (The) immunohistochemical staining of IGF-1 in lung cancer cell lines may help in differentiation of may assist in the differentiation of NSCLC and SCLC.